ETFs
Exchange-traded funds let you own hundreds of stocks in a single trade. Learn how they're built, how to pick a good one, and how to build a simple portfolio that outperforms most active fund managers.
Warren Buffett once said most investors would be better off in a low-cost S&P 500 index fund than trying to pick individual stocks. That fund is an ETF. Learning how ETFs work is essential for any investor — even if you also trade individual stocks.
The key insight: a 0.03% expense ratio ETF tracking the S&P 500 has outperformed most professional fund managers over any 20-year period. Understanding why is the foundation of smart, long-term investing.
Start with Article 1 →Learning Path
6 articlesWhat Is an ETF and How Does It Work?
Exchange-traded funds explained — how they're structured, traded, and priced.
ETFs vs Mutual Funds vs Individual Stocks
Three ways to invest, their trade-offs, and when each makes sense.
Types of ETFs — Index, Sector, Thematic, Bond, Commodity
The full menu of ETF flavours and what each one holds.
How to Choose an ETF — Expense Ratio, Tracking Error, Liquidity
The three numbers that separate a good ETF from a mediocre one.
Top ETFs for Beginners (SPY, QQQ, VTI, GLD)
The most popular ETFs, what they hold, and how to think about using them.
How to Build a Simple ETF Portfolio
Three-fund portfolio, allocation by age, and when to rebalance.
Concepts Covered
Click any concept to see its definition in the glossary.
Active recall is the fastest way to lock in what you've learned. The quiz covers all 6 articles in this section.
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